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Human Development Index (HDI) Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country’s overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. Human Development Report published by the UNDP compares countries based on their educational level, health status and per capita income. National Development National development is a comprehensive term which includes improvement in living standard of the people, increase in per capital income, providing social amenities like education,medical care, social services, etc. to the citizens of the country. (i) Under national development, a country uses its resources in a fair and just way. (ii) Under this only those programmes and policies are implemented which would benefit a large number of people. (iii) Under national development, countries focus more on social infrastructure which includes education, health and other social services.  (i) Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of h...

Manufacturing is a secondary process of transforming raw materials into finished products.The manufactured goods are more useful and valuable than the raw materials. The location of manufacturing industries depends on a number of physical and socio economic factors. 1.NEARNESS TO THE SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL: Large quantities of raw materials are needed for industries. Therefore industries are located near the source of raw materials. It saves the cost of transportation.Steel centres are developed where coal and iron are easily available. Jute mills in West Bengal and the cotton textile mills in Maharashtra are located due to the availability of raw materials. 2.POWER RESOURCES: Coal, oil and water power are the main sources of power. Most of the industries are located near coal fields. Aluminium industries and paper industries are located near hydroelectric stations. 3.MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION: Modern Industries need cheap, developed and quick means of transportation. Cheap means of tra...

What is Climate • Climate is the characteristic condition of the atmosphere near the earth's surface at a certain place on earth. • It refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variation over a large area for a long period of time. It is the long-term weather of that area which remains at least 30 years. What is Weather?  Weather refers to the state of atmosphere over an area at any point of time. The elements of both weather and climate are same. It is the combination of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, cloudiness and other atmospheric conditions at a specific time.   Monsoon  • The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic word ‘ mausim ’ which literally means season. • ‘Monsoon’ refers to   the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year. • The World is divided into a number of Climatic Regions. The Climate of India is described as the ‘monsoon’ type. This type of climate is found in South and Southeast...

Both agriculture and industry are interdependent in the following ways: Contribution of Agriculture to Industry Supply of wage goods to the industrial sector: Industrial sectors consume various wage goods for the production of industrial goods from the agricultural sector. Supply of raw materials to agro-based industries: Indian agriculture also supplies necessary raw materials to many of the agro-based industries. Supply of labour force to the industrial sector: To a great extent, industrial workers hail from the agricultural sector as there remains an excess supply of labour. It is also the source of cheap labour for the industrial sector.  Creation of market for industrial goods: Indian agriculture provides a large market for a variety of industrial goods Source of domestic capital for industrial development: Income of the rural people is very low. However, if their savings are mobilised properly, it can be a source of capital for industrial development. C...

What is air ? Ø              Air is the Earth's atmosphere. Ø                 Air around us is a mixture of many gases and dust particles. It is the clear gas in which living things live and breathe. Atmosphere Ø             The layer of air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. Ø             There are 5 layers of the Atmosphere. Ø             They are Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere,Stratosphere & Troposphere Composition Of Air Until   the   eighteenth   century,   people   thought   air was just one substance.     Experiments have proved that it is really not so. Air is a mixture of many...