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HDI, National development, Need of Technical and Institutional reforms in India

Human Development Index (HDI)

Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country’s overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. Human Development Report published by the UNDP compares countries based on their educational level, health status and per capita income.

National Development

National development is a comprehensive term which includes improvement in living standard of the people, increase in per capital income, providing social amenities like education,medical care, social services, etc. to the citizens of the country.
(i) Under national development, a country uses its resources in a fair and just way.
(ii) Under this only those programmes and policies are implemented which would benefit a large number of people.
(iii) Under national development, countries focus more on social infrastructure which includes education, health and other social services. 
(i) Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari. (ii) Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution. (iii) Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans. (iv) Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc. (v) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV. (vi) Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and procurement prices to clreck exploitation. (vii) The government provides HYV seeds and fertilisers. (viii) Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers. (ix) Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmers.Read more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/63282/explain-institutional-technical-reforms-brought-government-improve-condition-agriculture

Need of Technical and Institutional reforms in India

  (i) Agriculture has been practiced in India for thousands of years. 
 (ii) Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development.
 (iii) In spite of development of sources of irrigation most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture. 
 (iv) For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge. 
 (v) Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than 60 percent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms.
i) Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari. (ii) Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution. (iii) Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans. (iv) Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc. (v) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV. (vi) Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and procurement prices to clreck exploitation. (vii) The government provides HYV seeds and fertilisers. (viii) Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers. (ix) Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmers.Read more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/63282/explain-institutional-technical-reforms-brought-government-improve-condition-agriculture
(i) Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari. (ii) Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution. (iii) Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans. (iv) Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc. (v) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV. (vi) Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and procurement prices to clreck exploitation. (vii) The government provides HYV seeds and fertilisers. (viii) Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers. (ix) Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmers.Read more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/63282/explain-institutional-technical-reforms-brought-government-improve-condition-agriculture
(i) Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari. (ii) Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution. (iii) Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans. (iv) Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc. (v) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV. (vi) Government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) and remunerative and procurement prices to clreck exploitation. (vii) The government provides HYV seeds and fertilisers. (viii) Government provides technical assistance and training for farmers. (ix) Soil testing facilities, cold storage and transportation facilities are provided by government for farmersRead more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/63282/explain-institutional-technical-reforms-brought-government-improve-condition-agriculture

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