Resources

External process       I t   refers to the external phenomena that occur on or above the earth’s surface. External processes shape the relief created by internal processes. External agents carry out this process: water, ice, wind, atmosphere and human beings. They include all the changes that alter or wear down the rocks and deposit materials resulting from erosion.   Weathering  Weathering is the fracturing or disintegration and decomposition of rocks by natural agents. It is a static process. There is no movement of weathered material except where the pieces fall due to the force of gravity.  Weathering is classified into three types: 1. Physical or Mechanical Weathering  2. Chemical Weathering  3. Biological Weathering Mechanical Weathering Mechanical weathering is the physical disintegration of rocks due to factors like heat, water and frost. Small pieces or particles of rock prise off from the rock surface. ...

 RESOURCE PLANNING AND ITS NEED FOR INDIA RESOURCE PLANNING: Resource planning refers to the planned and judicious utilisation of resources  IT'S IMPORTANCE: Resource planning:   (i)Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. It has importance in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. (ii)There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.   (iii)There are some regions which can be considered self sufficient in terms of the availability of resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources. For example, the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.   (iv)Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources. ...

  Classification of Resources: (a) On the basis of origin: Biotic and Abiotic. (b) On the basis of exhaustibility: Renewable and Non-renewable. (c) On the basis of ownership: Individual (Personal), Community, National and International. (d) On the basis of status and development: Potential, Developed, Reserve and Stock. Biotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere. They have life or are living resources, e.g., human beings, fisheries, forests, etc. Abiotic Resources include all non-living things, e.g., rocks and minerals. Renewable Resources: The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical and mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources, e.g., water, wildlife, forests, solar energy, wind energy, etc. Non-renewable Resources: The resources which once get exhausted, cannot be remade. They take a long geological period of time, i.e., millions of years in their formation, e.g., minerals, fossil’ fuels, etc. Individua...

 1.Write a note on the location and size of India. Answer: Location: India is a vast country. Lying entirely in the Northern hemisphere, the main land extends between latitudes 8°4’N and 37°6’N and longitudes 68°7’E and 97°25’E. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) divides the country into almost two equal parts. To the southeast of India’s main land lie the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal and to the southwest lie the Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea. Size: The land mass of India has an area of 3.28 million square km. India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total geographical area of the world. India is the seventh largest country of the world. India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coastline of the mainland, including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep, is 7,516.6 km. It has an east-west extent of 2,933 km from Arunachal Pradesh to Kachchh in Gujarat and a north-south extent of 3,214 km from Kas...

 1. . What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?   Answer: Per Cap ita Income is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries. The limi tation of this criterion are: It doesn’t show distribution of income. It also ignores other factors such as infant mortality rate, literacy level, health care, etc 2 In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?   Answer : World bank only uses per capita income for measuring development while UNDP uses many other factors like infant mortality, healthcare facility education level which help in improving the quality of life and helps in making the citizens more productive. 3. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use?Illustrate with your own examples related to de velopment.   Answer : We use averages because t...

  1. ‘ Sustainable Development is a crucial step for the development of a country’. Explain with 3 suitable examples 2. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any? 3. State two points about the developmental goals that are observed in day to day life. 4. How do we generally compare two persons? 5. Why is per capita income always considered as an important parameter of measuring development? 6. Why is for comparison between countries, total income is not such an important measure? 7. Describe any two limitations of Per capita income as an indicator for development. 8. How does Human Development Report compare the countries? 9. ‘People have conflicting developmental goals’ Support the statement with suitable examples 10.Why is literacy essential for economic development? Explain. 11. What is the most appropriate base of measuring development of a country? 12.’While av...

 1 . Modern farming methods require more inputs, which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree? Answer: No doubt, modern farming requires more inputs than traditional farming. These are: chemical fertilizers pesticides pump sets farm machinery electricity diesel HYV seeds water supply Most of these input like fertilizers, tools, and implements are manufactured in industry. HYV seeds are developed in agriculture research laboratories. Machine industry provides various kinds of implements, irrigation pumps and farming machinery to improve productivity and minimize farming efforts. Chemical and soil engineering based industry provide fertilizers and pesticides to boost agriculture. Water supply is done by canals and tanks. Electricity is supplied by powerhouses. 2.How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur? Answer Electricity came early to Palampur. Its major impact was to transform the system of irrigation. In Palampur, electricity powers all ...