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CLASS VII (HISTORY) THE MUGHAL EMPIRE

 LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Mention the difficulties faced by Humayun after coming to the throne.

Answer: Humayun faced innumerable difficulties to retain the Mughal empire in India. He had to face opposition from his brothers, relatives, Afghans and Rajputs.

He multiplied his problems with own follies. He was addicted to opium. He lacked the military ability. Humayun was defeated by an Afghan, Sher Shah Suri at Chausa and Kanauj and was forced to leave India and take refuge in Iran in 1540.

2. Compare the religious policy of Akbar with that of Aurangzeb.

Answer: The religious policy of Akbar and Aurangzeb was exactly opposite. Akbar are tolerant to all religion. He started Din-i-Ilahi in 1582 by blending the good points of all religions like Hinduism, Christianity, Jainism and other faints.

Whereas Aurangzeb was intolerant to all religion except Islam. He abolished the inland duties and octroi to please his subjects. He was a Muslim fanatic.

3. Describe Shah Jahan’s Deccan policy.

Answer: Under Shah Jahan, the Deccan policy of the Mughals entered a new phase. HE annexed Ahmadnagar and Daulatabad. He forced the rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to accept his supremacy. In 1636, Shah Jahan retired to Agra and appointed Aurangzeb as the Governor of Deccan.

4. Describe the uniform system of administration established by the Mughals.

Answer: The uniform system of administration established by the Mughals was a combination of both Indian and Persian systems. They believed in the supreme authority of the king.

A strong army and efficient ministers assisted the emperor. The whole empire was divided into Subas (provinces) which were governed by Subedars (governors). The diwan was the collector of land revenue. The kotwal looked after the law and order in the city.

5. List any five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal empire.

Answer: The five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal Empire are as follows:

1. The religious intolerance of Mughals turned the Rajputs against them.

2. Weak and inefficient successors of Aurangzeb provided and open invitation for internal rebels.

3. Corrupt officials and heavy burden of land revenue resulted revolts against them.

4. The mansabdars gradually became more powerful than the central authority.

5. The Europeans were the rising power in the world at that time and the gradually took over the administration of India.

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