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 1.Write a note on the location and size of India. Answer: Location: India is a vast country. Lying entirely in the Northern hemisphere, the main land extends between latitudes 8°4’N and 37°6’N and longitudes 68°7’E and 97°25’E. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) divides the country into almost two equal parts. To the southeast of India’s main land lie the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal and to the southwest lie the Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea. Size: The land mass of India has an area of 3.28 million square km. India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total geographical area of the world. India is the seventh largest country of the world. India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coastline of the mainland, including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep, is 7,516.6 km. It has an east-west extent of 2,933 km from Arunachal Pradesh to Kachchh in Gujarat and a north-south extent of 3,214 km from Kas...

 1. . What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?   Answer: Per Cap ita Income is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries. The limi tation of this criterion are: It doesn’t show distribution of income. It also ignores other factors such as infant mortality rate, literacy level, health care, etc 2 In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?   Answer : World bank only uses per capita income for measuring development while UNDP uses many other factors like infant mortality, healthcare facility education level which help in improving the quality of life and helps in making the citizens more productive. 3. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use?Illustrate with your own examples related to de velopment.   Answer : We use averages because t...

  1. ‘ Sustainable Development is a crucial step for the development of a country’. Explain with 3 suitable examples 2. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any? 3. State two points about the developmental goals that are observed in day to day life. 4. How do we generally compare two persons? 5. Why is per capita income always considered as an important parameter of measuring development? 6. Why is for comparison between countries, total income is not such an important measure? 7. Describe any two limitations of Per capita income as an indicator for development. 8. How does Human Development Report compare the countries? 9. ‘People have conflicting developmental goals’ Support the statement with suitable examples 10.Why is literacy essential for economic development? Explain. 11. What is the most appropriate base of measuring development of a country? 12.’While av...

 1 . Modern farming methods require more inputs, which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree? Answer: No doubt, modern farming requires more inputs than traditional farming. These are: chemical fertilizers pesticides pump sets farm machinery electricity diesel HYV seeds water supply Most of these input like fertilizers, tools, and implements are manufactured in industry. HYV seeds are developed in agriculture research laboratories. Machine industry provides various kinds of implements, irrigation pumps and farming machinery to improve productivity and minimize farming efforts. Chemical and soil engineering based industry provide fertilizers and pesticides to boost agriculture. Water supply is done by canals and tanks. Electricity is supplied by powerhouses. 2.How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur? Answer Electricity came early to Palampur. Its major impact was to transform the system of irrigation. In Palampur, electricity powers all ...

 1. In what ways are sources of capital required for farming by large farmers different from the capital sources for small farmers ?  2.  Explain the different methods to increase production from the same area of land, giving some concrete examples.   3. What is meant by non-farming activities? Explain with examples.     4.  How is land distributed amongst the farmers of Palampur? Explain. how the land has been distributed among the farmers of village Palampur?  5. What problems do farm labourers face in terms of employment? Explain any three problems.   6. Which input of production  can be considered as the best land, labour, physical capital or human capital and why?    7.  Explain the meaning of 'physical capital'. Explain its two types with the help of suitable examples. Or What is physical capital? What are its differ...

  Sectors of the Indian Economy Important Questions 1. Why is MNREGA also called the Right to work? Explain the objectives of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. 2. With the example of sugarcane, explain the interdependence of all the three sectors of the economy. 3. The problem of underemployment is not confined only to agriculture”. Support the statement with examples 4. What are final goods and intermediate goods? How do they help in calculating (GDP) Gross Domestic Product? 5. Explain any three ways to solve the problem of underemployment 6.“There are several things needed by the society as a whole”. In the light of this statement explain as to who can provide them at a reasonable cost, the private or the public sector and why? 7. Describe certain activities of public interest on which the government has to focus on priority basis. 8. How can workers in the unorganised sector be protected? Explain giving examples of rural and urban areas 9. Defin...

  Why the govt is needed to spend on public sector: 1. Welfare of the people:             The modern state is a welfare state that looks after the interests of its citizens. The govt is elected by the people. Its responsibility to the in a democracy. People pay different types of taxes and expect their representatives or the govt to follow policies for the welfare of the people. So generally those activities which do not generate profit and are not taken up by the private sector are taken by the govt or public sector. The govt collects taxes and can raises money to implement various projects or to provide useful services to the people. Thus services like Railways or Post and telegraph are run by the govt for the welfare of the people. Such activities are also beyond the capacity of the private sector.     2. Large expenditure:   Some activities like construction of roads, laying down of the networks of...